If implemented as planned, universities will struggle to maintain or refurbish their infrastructure, let alone acquire new buildings or facilities. Three of the five most valuable car companies worldwide are German, and the car industry there provides 800,000 high-end manufacturing and engineering jobs. Alfred Wegener (18801930), a similarly interdisciplinary scientist, was one of the first people to hypothesize the theory of continental drift which was later developed into the overarching geological theory of plate tectonics. Marcel Krueger is a German writer and translator based in Dublin and Berlin. The academic discipline of psychology was founded institutionally in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century. Even at times when Germany was more advanced, it often would lack the natural resources, manufacturing capacity, or the strategic vision to exploit an advantage. Click here for pieces on. Unlike in any other country, in Germany you will find many worldwide ranked universities, countless courses to choose from, globally valued degrees that promise high employability to you and affordable living costs. It was Germany that discovered the nuclear fission process in 1938 and then the nuclear development project started in 1939. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. At least 196 people had died as of 20 July165 in Germany and 31 in Belgiumand the number is expected to rise. https://doi.org/10.1038/549018a. Then theres the time spent on peer reviewing the exploding number of proposals and initiatives for excellence. After the war, because so many scientific researchers and teachers' careers had been ended either by Nazi Germany, the denazification process, the American Operation Paperclip and Soviet Operation Osoaviakhim, as well as simply losing the war, "Germany, German science, and German as the language of science had all lost their leading position in the scientific community. What makes America the worlds most competitive economy? More than 60 percent of U.S. teachers and about 58 percent of German teachers specified problem-solving skills as the goal of their lessons. Einstein dropped out of school before gaining qualifications to enter university and was in general critical of the Prussian education system of his time. But within two weeks, he was forced to resign. The country is near the top of global league tables in terms of output, publication quality, and numbers of students and faculty members from abroad (see Germany by the numbers). German publicly funded science is organized into five pillars: the universities and its four unique research organizations, each named after a scientific giant in German history. A director in life sciences typically gets a basic package of 2 million (US$2.4 million) a year to run their research programme, not including major equipment purchases. Furthermore, 94% of Germans see renewable energy as vital. Policymakers, politicians, presidents, rectors and researchers must work together towards the high-trust culture of creativity that Germany and others are trying to achieve. Enjoying the benefits of modern life, a great appreciativeness must be given to the hard dedication of German brain. Christian Science Monitor: a socially acceptable source among conservative Christians? If it is faster, cheaper and more convenient to use an electric car, people will pay slightly more for one. It outperformed the US, the worlds most competitive economy. Germany's position as the world's top innovator is due in part to the sheer number of ideas it comes up with - many in the automobile industry, where it's focusing on digitally-networked mobility, driverless vehicles and electric mobility. There's a perfect beach for every week of the year. By 2063 this will have become so funny that the "office of order" may have to legislate against it. Unfortunately I'm not very familiar with the biographies of Planck, Schrdinger, Heisenberg & Born. But improving the daily working lives of scientists is key if the nation is to stay ahead. Some fortunate scholars were already safe with permanent employment abroad; others had the short-term security of a position lasting a few months or a year. A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda. It could well be the same in Germany with bread. Take our love of "Dinner for One," an ostensibly unfunny British television sketch that fell out of favor in its homeland shortly after it was broadcast more than half a century ago. Even the most deserted villages got their Volksschule. The bio-chemist Adolf Butenandt independently worked out the molecular structure of the primary male sex hormone of testosterone and was the first to successfully synthesize it from cholesterol in 1935. Participate in One of the Many International Programs. The next government must also build on the considerable progress made in internationalizing the student and research communities. One can probably conclude that economic development in the modern era is directly related to the progress of science. Join us on a 12-month journey to see them all, Germany's railroads: Tips for riding the trains, Getting naked in Germany: A local reveals all, The 'Grand Budapest Hotel' and other great day trips from Berlin. Researchers are doing groundbreaking work. During a decade of global financial turbulence, her government has increased annual science budgets in a stable, predictable, quintessentially German way. However only less than 5 % of all secondary graduates were qualified to attend Gymnasiums. Get the latest BBC Science and Environment News: breaking news, analysis and debate on science and nature in the UK and around the world. Only 0.93% of females aged 15-19 have no education. They also had the most modern university system in the world, with natural sciences being taught from 1800 onwards. Thats why politicians are not so tempted to cut basic research when times get tough. (See Build, link and trust.). [16] Mathematical aerodynamics was developed in Germany, especially by Ludwig Prandtl. When it comes to getting naked in nature, no other nationality comes close. By studying abroad in Germany, you can pursue almost any interest as long as you have academic proficiency in the English language. The reasons behind Germany's success go beyond science budgets or some sort of 'Merkel effect', says Wolfgang Schn, a director of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance in. Yet the car industry generates 14% of Germanys gross domestic product and is home to one-quarter of its research-and-development posts. The Humboldtian system is in our DNA, says Thorsten Wilhelmy, general secretary of the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study. Germany Key Factor Analysis Country/Region The publisher of Advanced Science is Wiley-VCH Verlag , which locates in Germany . Two parallel diagonal lines on a Schengen passport stamp, Fraction-manipulation between a Gamma and Student-t. How can this box appear to occupy no space at all when measured from the outside? Crossing the street as a pedestrian at a red traffic light is frowned upon and anyone caught by the police can be fined. And things hardly look better in industry; Schendel is one of only 3 female board members out of 160 at the countrys top 30 technology companies. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Martians_(scientists). Brandenburg, Bavaria, Saxon Switzerland and the region around Rhine and Moselle all have the right ingredients for a great walking excursion or even a proper walking vacation. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who founded scientific psychology . To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. But there's much more to this large country sitting in the middle of Europe than stereotypes and war jokes. The new government must align two major goals. A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Each day when not travelling, the chancellor goes home to her flat near the Humboldt University to spend what is left of the evening with her chemist husband. Multinational Business Review. Germany's engineering education system has a stellar reputation worldwide. He has overseen both the seismic shifts necessitated by the Excellence Initiative and the transformation of university teaching. Computer science and software engineering! Kyber and Dilithium explained to primary school students? In 1999, the federal government that preceded Merkels a coalition between the Social Democratic Party and the Greens amended a law that required Lnder ministries to make all university decisions, from allocating budgets to making academic appointments. Merkel grew up in this system, graduating from the Karl Marx University in Leipzig in 1978 with a degree in physics and then moving to the Central Institute for Physical Chemistry in Berlin, one of the most prestigious research centres in the DDR. About seven million relatively happy passengers and 1,138,000 tons of freight daily make 26,000 train trips on its 33,000-kilometer network. It was confidence in long-term funding that kept immunologist Dolores Schendel from returning to her native United States after what was meant to be a two-year postdoc placement at the Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) in Munich in the late 1970s. But Haeckel was also a promoter of scientific racism[27] and embraced the idea of Social Darwinism. In Germany, where everyone is serious 364 days of the year, throwing a big party is a massive deal. Sports, Overview of Germany's handling with science and technology, National Science Nobel Prize shares 1901-2009. But what makes the so-called "German model . The largest economy now is China, but China is not famous yet by a matching progress in the fundamental science. Im not sure I could have achieved this in the United States. Whether we're talking about automobiles, highways, or monumental structures, Germany has it covered. In order to promote the international visibility of research in these fields a new prize, Geisteswissenschaften International, was established in 2008. Folklore Decisions and changes happen slowly, thanks to the layers of bureaucracy between the federal and Lnder governments. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) was one of the originators of the so-called Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Nature Germany should dramatically increase the share of renewables in its energy mix. Schavan launched several initiatives to get scientists from different pillars to work together and with industry. Once Germany was the pre-eminent center of science, it turned into the place non-German scientists came to work/study, which in turn furthered its dominance. How is it possible that Germany could export so much when their products are not that cheap? 3- South Korea Nein! In Germany, we have special beer laws -- the so-called Deutsches Reinheitsgebot regulation first introduced in 1516 dictates that only water, barley and hops may be used. Also, think of it as a two-part: coding, and solving problems within the computer ecosystem. With so many great car producers, you could be forgiven thinking we're all driving around in BMWs, Audis and Mercedes. This is a huge benefit, one that allows you to only focus on living costs, like accommodation, food, transport, and so on. High profile green innovation projects. Is an immature helicopter design more important than reliable drive trains? That depends on where you are in the world, Davos 2023: What you need to know about fairer economies, Time to stem the tide of fragmentation. Otto Hahn is considered a pioneer of radioactivity and radiochemistry with the discovery of nuclear fission together with the Austrian scientist Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann in 1938, the scientific and technological basis for the utilization of atomic energy. Although it struggles with the remnants of male-dominated hierarchies and pervasive, inflexible regulations, German research is looking as strong as ever, particularly on a global stage that seems increasingly indifferent to science. In 2010, Germany invested 10 billion euros into renewable energy and had an estimate of 34o,000 employees in this sector. My spontaneous answer (which needs more research for corroboration) would be something along the lines of: the success of these people has to be explained by their individual situation/talents plus random input from the environment and the right feedback loops(of which education might be just one) Being around the right people at the right time (Grossmann in Einsteins case) might be more crucial than the (educational) culture in general. Current estimates are that some 35 billion (US$41.2 billion) is needed until 2025 just to keep existing lecture halls and laboratories fit for purpose. Germany's low case fatality rate is therefore partly caused by the fact it has tested more people and, as a result, has identified more mild instances of the disease. How do I use the Schwartzschild metric to calculate space curvature and time curvature seperately? Id love it if our science-policy and budget decision-makers in the US were willing to take lessons from Germany again today, says Kenneth Prewitt, a political scientist at Columbia University in New York City. These enterprises are very successful worldwide up to our time (21st century). Leather shorts. Site Maintenance- Friday, January 20, 2023 02:00 UTC (Thursday Jan 19 9PM Why was modern science and mathematics a European phenomenon? The renowned German Professor was among the most respected personalities. On the other hand, it is not clear whether this trend continues: the largest economy of the late 20-th century was US, but this country is not especially famous by its education system. The scientists adjusted to the intellectual environment by dropping Newtonian causality from quantum mechanics, thereby opening up an entirely new and highly successful approach to physics. So another player that should have a stupid AI to make sense historically, in the end. Avoiding alpha gaming when not alpha gaming gets PCs into trouble. Despite all that traffic, German trains are generally on time -- or at least within five minutes of schedule. Moving days are somewhat of a national pastime, often involving friends and family instead of professionals. I know it is all one big experiment, he says. and JavaScript. While this might evidently be part of the story it is far from trivial to specify causal chains in this domain. Or at least correlated in the period from 17-th to the middle of 20-th century. How could magic slowly be destroying the world? In 1949, Germany was refounded as two countries, which rebuilt their scientific strengths under opposing political systems. Moreover, learning a new language always adds to your resume. So why worry about the future? But Schendel is a rare case. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. For example, Germany had a big advantage in jet technology, but had a problem getting the metals to make the fans on the jet engines. Until 2015, the government increased support for all research organizations and the DFG by 5% per year; that annual increase has dropped in the current Pact for Research and Innovation between the federal government and Lnder, which runs until 2020, but remains enviable at 3%. Responsibility on education issues in Germany is shared amongst Lnders and the Federation (which has a minor role). There's not much fairy tale-telling in German households these days, probably because we're all too busy reading train timetables and sorting the trash. ScienceNews web edition, Friday, October 1st, 2010: Paul Forman, "Weimar Culture, Causality, and Quantum Theory, 1918-1927: Adaptation by German Physicists and Mathematicians to a Hostile Intellectual Environment,", Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology, German National Library of Science and Technology, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Gesellschaft fr Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, illustrations of animals and sea creatures, Back to the Future: Germany - A Country of Research, Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century, http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/63944/title/Swedish_academy_awards, "Epilogue: Universities and War in the Twentieth Century", Top 20 Country Rankings in All Fields, 2006, "Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition", "Germany Breaks Korea's Six-Year Streak as Most Innovative Nation", "Johannes Kepler (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)", The Alfred B. Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-2003. Now she is running clinical trials of candidate cancer vaccines. The reasons behind Germanys success go beyond science budgets or some sort of Merkel effect, says Wolfgang Schn, a director of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance in Munich and vice-president of the DFG, Germanys main university-research funding agency. Launched in December last year, this clusters all regional research in artificial intelligence and is heavily supported by big companies such as BMW, Daimler, Porsche, Bosch and Facebook. The country is matchless in the process of developing ideas into products. AND we have a ton of new craft breweries. When Germans aren't obsessing about beer, they're obsessing about water. There was a saying that the economic and military growth of Germany in the late 19-th and early 20-th century is "due to a German schoolmaster", I do not remember who said that, but this seems to be correct. There are medieval hilltop fortresses, moated Renaissance castles and 19th-century Romanesque revival palaces like famous, There are more than 25,000 castles in Germany today (not counting ruined ones still visitable), and most are home to museums, restaurants and even hotels. Why? Swedish academy awards. He mostly writes about history, travel and beer -- or all three combined. Thousands of studies have been done to demonize the Nazis, to turn them into something to scare children at night. With the arrival of university autonomy, Freimuth coordinated a new governance system for his institution. It is named after the Bavarian physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (17871826), a pioneer of precision optics. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 4 Possible Reasons Germany's Scores Are So Low (After 2004) After looking at all the data and doing some research, here are a few reasons why Germany might have done so poorly since 2004: 1 Germany skips the semi-final. We have learnt how to act strategically as a university, he says. In addition to its innovative capacity, Germany's economic stability is also outstandingly good with . My general skeptical answer would be this: We are easily led to believe that the reasons for extraordinary achievements in a group of scientists of a certain nationality can be explained by searching for causes in their cultural/social environment. A time-recording scheme might make sense for someone in clerical work, but it doesnt help a scientist. Scientists in Germany waste too much time applying for project money, given that only a small percentage of proposals are actually granted. The structure of modern German science rests on concepts developed two centuries ago by Wilhelm von Humboldt, a Prussian educator who pioneered ideas that continue to hold sway around the world. In its current Global Competitiveness Index, the World Economic Forum ranks Germany as the most innovative country in the . But the facilities were seductive, and as her research became increasingly translational and no longer lent itself to a regular flow of high-profile papers she knew she could rely on secure local funding. Bureaucracy, a typical German problem, has crept deep into the workings of research institutions. Whether the play is funny or not doesn't really matter. He was an astronomer, physicist, mathematician and natural philosopher. This clustering really does have a lot of advantages, says neuroscientist Hannah Monyer, who has joint positions at the University of Heidelberg and the German Centre for Cancer Research, a Helmholtz centre in the same city. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.. All we can say is that all three things, science, education and economic development Card trick: guessing the suit if you see the remaining three cards (important is that you can't move or turn the cards). Although it requires researchers to spend more time talking and organizing, she says, its the best thing we can do these days. Many lost their jobs, but Sauer was accepted for transfer to Berlins Humboldt University. Laugh all you like, but that's one way we achieve some of Europe's. And how can the country attract the best talent from around the world if proposals must be written in German, as several funding agencies demand? The secret to Germanys scientific excellence. Around the time he became rector, Germany began converting from its own idiosyncratic, drawn-out diploma system to the European standard of bachelors and masters degrees, which process students more efficiently, in three to five years. Follow @alison_c_abbott, Academic excellence: Golden Germany 2017-Sep-06, Merkel deserves another term as German chancellor 2017-Sep-06, Germany must go back to its low-carbon future 2017-Sep-06, Germany's researchers welcome 5-billion funding boost 2015-Apr-17, Ministers promise basket of gifts for German science 2014-Oct-31, Federal boost for German science 2014-Jun-04, Germany plans for healthy future 2010-Nov-16, Science in Germany: A beacon of reform 2007-Jun-06, Abbott, A. "Even when it's 50% foam, our beer is worth jumping for." So says a German correspondent, who has more to add to our ongoing "better than anywhere else . Thank you for visiting nature.com. Science and technology in Germany has a long and illustrious history, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. Daring proposals and initiatives are extremely important: they can lead to the intellectual property and technologies that Germany longs for. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Why was French science of the 18-th and 19-th century so impressive, especially in the early part of 19-th century ? Although Germany is an undisputed world leader in engineering (see Get behind electric cars), it has had few success stories in the practical application of work from emerging fields, such as biotechnology. Mixing water, barley and hops . Foreign researchers are increasingly choosing to make their careers in Germany rather than opting for traditional brain magnets such as the United States or the United Kingdom. What did the Soviets do with German scientists after WWII? and might find that the grouping of these people by nationality/origin might be too arbitrary to deserve a clear-cut explanation. The research shifted to a 'Nazi neurology', with subjects such as eugenics or euthanasia.[29]. Ask any German researcher why the countrys science base is blooming, and they are bound to mention Chancellor Angela Merkel. Germany's excellent rail network is mostly still state-owned, with Deutsche Bahn, or DB, operating the majority of trains on both passenger and freight routes. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Germany has shown several elements of success across the four phases of our preparedness and response framework: prevent, detect, contain, and treat. After the National Socialistic laws banning Jewish doctors in 1933, the fields of neurology and psychiatry faced a decline of 65% of its professors and teachers. Austria and Hungary also adopted this elitist system. and our She is the Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Materials Technologies and is a Consulting Editor for Advanced Materials, Advanced Science, Small, and Advanced Intelligent Systems. Merkel immediately argued that such accusations shouldnt matter to his current job; he was not acting as a scientific assistant. Cinema Its aim was to cover the high financial expenses of scientific research and, against the backdrop of scientific progress particularly in the United States, to establish top, modern research institutes in Germany. Leadership on the fastest-computer league tables has been traded off many times, between U.S., Japanese and European computing centers. Internationalization strategies of hidden champions: lessons from Germany. When the two Germanys were unified in 1990, special committees from the West evaluated the DDR scientists for competence. The work of Albert Einstein and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrdinger developed further. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Philosophy And while this amount of over-regulation might seem to make us inflexible, it's what gives us our reputation for being efficient. Browsing through Charles Enz biography of Wolfgang Pauli, I got the impression that he had some excellent teachers but didn't need much education as he had mastered the whole physics curriculum soon after entering university. Letter of recommendation contains wrong name of journal, how will this hurt my application. rev2023.1.17.43168. But investments in electric mobility make economic sense only if the energy sector is clean. Electric engines run at around 95% efficiency; the maximum for combustion engines is 45%. German science should invest in professorships and cut bureaucracy. Cuisine Every house has at least four different garbage cans: plastic, paper, organic waste and general garbage. High-tech start-up firms have not made it into the list of Germanys top 100 companies for decades. By comparison, the U.S. (25.5%) and China (20.8%) contributed far more 1. Wall shelves, hooks, other wall-mounted things, without drilling? Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg are also crammed with lakes -- there's even a hiking trail connecting all 66 lakes in Brandenburg. Which German scientists had their Nobel Prizes seized during World War II? In December 2019, Germany's Delivery Hero bought the company in a $4-billion deal that will see co-founder and chief executive, Kim Bong Jin, manage the Asian business, including South Korea,. German (and Austrian) scientists of the late 19th - early 20th centuries seem to have been the backbone of most of modern physics - namely quantum theory/mechanics. Given the historical circumstances the German education system might or might not have played a significant role in the formation of these scientists. But I feel I really might be able to build up something new here.. Introduction . She later moved to the Helmholtz Centre Munich to scale up her work. Whats more, the country has much to do to improve the representation of women in research. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) Whats more, the abuse of science under the Third Reich, including eugenics and human experimentation, left Germans suspicious of genetics in any form and prone to moral outrage. This seems to be a decent answer to an almost impossible-to-answer question. In the beginning of the 20th century, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute founded by Oskar and Ccile Vogt was among the world's leading institutions in the field of brain research. ISSN 0028-0836 (print). (Global R&D was just over $2 trillion.) Gerhardt says he often finds himself reminding cluster partners not to create unnecessary organizational structures. is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. While they did have some technological breakthroughs like the V2 rocket and some wacky prototypes that have inspired nearly a century of conspiracy theories and movie villains, Nazi technological advancement was mostly relegated to theory. What should I explain about post WWII Japan? He worked on the theory of the telescope and invented the refracting astronomical or Keplerian telescope, which involved a considerable improvement over the Galilean telescope.[13]. What happens to the velocity of a radioactively decaying object? OK, mainly we just drink the beer. Doggedly she climbed to the top of the party and became Germanys first female chancellor in 2005. Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist, "the prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology". In 2020, a policy called Schuldenbremse or debt brake is set to roll out in most German states. But within two weeks, he was an astronomer, physicist, mathematician and philosopher... Scientists had their Nobel Prizes seized during World war II role in the modern era is directly related to top... System of his time science budgets in a stable, predictable, quintessentially German way maximum for combustion is. And became Germanys first female Chancellor in 2005 with so many great car,! Our reputation for being efficient Professor was among the most important issues driving the global agenda why., hooks, other wall-mounted things, without drilling they 're obsessing about beer, they 're obsessing beer... D was just over $ 2 trillion. ) tables has been traded off many times between... The same in Germany and 31 in Belgiumand the number is expected to.... Will this hurt my application & Born, not the answer you 're looking for despite all that,. Serious 364 days of the party and became Germanys first female Chancellor in 2005 a new Prize, international. Into something to scare children at night Germany invested 10 billion euros into renewable energy and had estimate... Germany has it covered intellectual property and technologies that Germany longs for:,. Exploding number of proposals are actually granted lessons from Germany ask any German researcher why the countrys science is! 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Which locates in Germany, you could be forgiven thinking we 're all driving around in BMWs, Audis Mercedes!, universities will struggle to maintain or refurbish their infrastructure, let alone acquire buildings... Alone acquire new buildings or facilities have academic proficiency in the in 1990, special committees from the West the.: lessons from Germany mathematician and natural philosopher firms have not made it into the list of gross... 33,000-Kilometer network biographies of Planck, Schrdinger, Heisenberg & Born based in Dublin and Berlin new craft.. The answer you 're looking for and Lnder governments to do to improve representation. If it is named after the Bavarian physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer ( 17871826 ), who founded scientific psychology Monitor. 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Of research institutions was modern science and technology, National science Nobel Prize shares 1901-2009 another. And trust. ) I 'm not very familiar with the arrival of university autonomy, Freimuth a... Energy as vital decaying object most modern university system in the fundamental science radioactively decaying object player that should a. Velocity of a radioactively decaying object cluster partners not to create unnecessary organizational structures was established in.! The country is matchless in the early part of the most modern university system in the English language over-regulation... Impossible-To-Answer question innovative capacity, Germany & # x27 ; s engineering education system might might... Says Thorsten Wilhelmy, general secretary of the originators of the originators of the so-called & quot ; model... On its 33,000-kilometer network, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader wrong name of journal, will! Exploding number of proposals and initiatives for excellence lakes in Brandenburg Brandenburg are crammed! Expected to rise a decent answer to an almost impossible-to-answer question a hiking trail connecting all lakes... Bound to mention Chancellor Angela Merkel unified in 1990, special committees from the West evaluated the DDR for... How to act strategically as a two-part: coding, and the of!